war power 〈美〉战争权 「战争权」是非宪法上的大众化用语，指美国联邦政府进行战争直至胜利几乎无限制的权力。亚伯拉罕·林肯〔Abraham Lincoln〕可能是用war power这一单数形式包含战胜敌人各种权力的第一人，美国最高法院于1875年采纳了这一用法。它的范围包括国防的各个方面，如保护战争物资和武装部队人员免受伤害和危险。虽然国会拥有宣战权，但总统作为总司令对于包括战略战术在内的作战拥有最终权力。战争权必须是一项不受任何人的干预和阻碍的支配权力。只有当政府遭受紧迫的、现实的危险时，政府才有理由根据「战争权」直接干预自由和财产以及减少对自由的宪法保障。在美国，对战争权最激烈的争论一直集中在两个方面，一是在国会没有正式宣战时总统把军队投入战争的程度或总统作为总司令在没有国会授权情况下从事军事行为的程度；二是宪法其他条款限制战争权范围〔reach of war power〕的程度。
war power. The constitutional authority of Congress to declare war and maintain armed forces (U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cls. 11–14), and of the President to conduct war as commander-in-chief (U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 1). [Cases: War and National Emergency 2. C.J.S. War and National Defense § 2.]
war powers resolution 〈美〉战争权决议 1973年国会推翻总统的否决而通过的一项决议，该决议限制美国政府在没有国会同意的情况下，使美国卷入国外纠纷的权力。但该决议的特定规定确保美国总统有权在美国或其一部分受到攻击时，在不请求国会授权的情况下，派遣军队投入战斗。
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war-powers resolution. A resolution passed by Congress in 1973 (over the President’s veto) restricting the President’s authority to involve the United States in foreign hostilities without congressional approval, unless the United States or one of its territories is attacked. 50 USCA §§ 1541–1548. [Cases: War and National Emergency 37. C.J.S. War and National Defense §§
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Hist. An officer vested with various powers, including the power to preside over the trial of peers.
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warrant of attorney. 1. POWER OF ATTORNEY(1). 2. Archaic. Written authority given by a client to a lawyer to appear in court and to confess judgment in favor of a specified party. • It usu. instructed the attorney not to bring any action, seek a writ of error, or file a bill in equity that
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steward. 1. A person appointed in place of another. 2. A union official who represents union employees and who oversees the performance of union contracts. — Also termed (in sense 2) union steward; shop steward. steward of all England. Hist. An officer vested with various powers, including the power to preside over the trial of
War Clause. U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 11–14, giving Congress the power to declare war. See WAR POWER. [Cases: War and National Emergency 2. C.J.S. War and National Defense § 2.]
protecting power. Int’l law. A country responsible for protecting another country’s citizens and interests during a conflict or a suspension of diplomatic ties between the citizens’ country and a third party. • After a protecting power is accepted by both belligerents, it works to ensure the proper treatment of nationals who are in a belligerent’s
warren (wor-[schwa]n orwahr-[schwa]n). 1. A place for the preservation of certain wildlife (such as pheasants, partridges, or rabbits). 2. A privilege to keep wildlife or game in a warren. 3. The area to which the privilege extends. free warren. A warren privilege giving the grantee the sole right to kill the wildlife to the extent